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The Madras High Court (Tamil: சென்னை உயர் நீதிமன்றம்) is the highest court in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu; it is located in Chennai, formerly known as Madras. The court is one of the three High Courts in India established at the Presidency Towns by Letters patent granted by Her Majesty Queen Victoria, bearing date 26 June 1862. It exercises original jurisdiction over the city of Chennai and appellate jurisdiction over the entire state as well as extraordinary original jurisdiction, civil and criminal, under the Letters Patent and special original jurisdiction for the issue of writs under the Constitution of India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Madras High Court )〕 It consists of 52 judges and a chief justice who is in charge of the general policy adopted in the administration of justice.〔 ==History== From 1817 to 1862, the Supreme Court of Madras was situated in a building opposite Beach railway station. From 1862 to 1892, the High Court too was housed in that building. The present buildings were officially inaugurated on 12 July 1892, when the then Madras Governor, Beilby, Baron Wenlock, handed over the key to the then Chief Justice Sir Arthur Collins. British India's three presidency towns of Madras (Chennai), Bombay (Mumbai), and Calcutta (Kolkata) were each granted a High Court by letters patent dated 26 June 1862.〔(Madras High Court About page )〕 The letters patent were issued by Queen Victoria under the authority of the British parliament's Indian High Courts Act 1861. The three courts remain unique in modern India, having been established under British royal charter; this is in contrast with the country's other high courts, which have been directly established under Indian legislation. However, the Constitution of India recognises the status of the older courts. The Madras High Court was formed by merging the Supreme Court of Judicature at Madras, and the Sudder Dewanny Adawlut. The Court was required to decide cases in accordance with ''justice, equity and good conscience''. The earliest judges of the High Court included Judges Holloway, Innes and Morgan. The first Indian to sit as a judge of the High Court was Justice T. Muthuswamy Iyer. Other early Indian judges included Justices V. Krishnaswamy Iyer and P. R. Sundaram Iyer. The Madras High Court was a pioneer in Original Side jurisdiction reform in favour of Indian practitioners as early as the 1870s. The Madras High Court's history means that the decisions of the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council are still binding on it, provided that the ''ratio'' of a case has not been overruled by the Supreme Court of India. Although the name of the city was changed from Madras to Chennai in 1996, the Court as an institution did not follow suit, and has remained as the Madras High Court. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Madras High Court」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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